Research Instruments

Omid Kalantar

Open-Access Questionnaires and Measurement Scales

This page provides access to questionnaires and measurement instruments I have developed through my research in applied linguistics, English language teaching, and the psychology of language learning.

The instruments listed here are intended to support researchers, postgraduate students, and educators conducting research in language education. Each entry includes information about the instrument, its original publication, and the conditions under which it may be used.

I encourage researchers to consult the original publications before using an instrument to understand its theoretical foundations, development process, psychometric properties, and intended application.

General Guidelines for using the questionnaires

When using a questionnaire in a research project, thesis, dissertation, or publication, cite the original study using the complete reference provided above. Include the citation in the methodology section and identify the instrument by name.

If the questionnaire is translated, modified, or adapted, describe the changes made and report any additional validation procedures undertaken.

Anyone using an instrument listed on this page should cite its original publication. Providing a link to this website is welcome, but it does not replace the formal academic citation.

Please follow these guidelines:

  • Cite the original publication in accordance with the citation style required by your institution or journal.

  • Identify the instrument by its official name.

  • Describe any modifications, translations, or adaptations made to the original version.

  • Report relevant reliability and validity evidence for the version used in your study.

  • Do not present an instrument developed by another researcher as your own.

  • Consult the original publication for the instrument’s intended use, scoring procedures, and psychometric evidence.

Translation and Adaptation

Researchers interested in translating or adapting an instrument should first review the original publication and any applicable licensing restrictions.

Translation and adaptation may require additional procedures, including expert review, linguistic evaluation, pilot testing, and examination of the instrument’s psychometric properties in the target population.

Researchers should clearly document any changes to the original instrument and avoid assuming that the validity evidence established for one population automatically applies to another.

Please check the usage conditions specified for each instrument before distributing modified versions or incorporating the items into another published resource.

Available Instruments

1. Shyness factors (SFQ) questionnaire

Research area: Psychology of language learning

Instrument type: Questionnaire

Purpose

This questionnaire was developed to investigate factors associated with shyness among learners in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. It addresses the factors examined in the original study and provides a research instrument for investigating shyness in language-learning contexts.

Original publication

Kalantar, O. (2024). Factors affecting shyness in EFL classrooms. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 12(3 (Special Issue)), 67-91. 10.30466/ijltr.2024.121577

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2. TOEFL iBT Needs Questionnaire

Research area: TOEFL Exam Preparation and Language Assessment

Instrument type: Questionnaire

Purpose

This instrument was used to identify the challenges and learning needs of candidates preparing for the TOEFL iBT who aimed to achieve C1-level performance in the speaking and writing sections. The study examined difficulties related to fluency, discussing unfamiliar topics, grammatical and lexical range, and language accuracy, including the influence of learners’ first language.

Original publication

Kalantar, O. S. (2024). Attaining C1 level scores in TOEFL iBT: From challenges to needs. International Journal of Language Testing, 14(1), 99-113. 10.22034/IJLT.2023.414966.128710.

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